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    灏忛潤鐪嬬潃杩欎竴妗屽瓙鑿滃氨璧炵編涓嶅凡:鈥滄灄闃垮Ж锛岃緵鑻︽偍鍗婂ぉ浜嗭紝鎴戜滑閮芥潵鍚冪幇鎴愮殑鍟︹€︹€︹€�
    鏋楅樋濮ㄤ篃鏄儹鎯呮嫑鍛煎ぇ瀹跺叆搴�:
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    璇楀叞瑕佹定濂舵按锛屽皬闈欏拰鎴戜滑瀹剁传娑电殑韬綋涔熼渶瑕佽ˉ鍏呰惀鍏伙紝缁欎綘浠嚑涓ˉ琛ヨ韩浣擄紝鎴戣繕鏈夋斁浜嗕竴鐐逛腑鑽笅鍘伙紝褰撳綊锛屽厷鍙傦紝榛勮姫锛屾灨鏉炲瓙锛岀孩鏋ｏ紝棣欒弴锛�
    杩欐潯槌滈奔涔熸湁涓ゆ枻澶氬憿锛岃€佺Е璇存竻钂哥殑钀ュ吇浠峰€奸珮浜涳紝浣犱滑閮藉鍚冪偣鍝︹€︹€︹€�
    杩欐椂鍊欑Е鑰佺埛瀛愭嬁涓€鐡堕厭鍑烘潵浜嗭紝鏋楅樋濮ㄧ湅鍒颁粬鎵嬮噷鐨勭摱瀛愬氨瀵硅惂鎴樿閬�:鈥滆€佸ご瀛愯繖閰掓敹瀹濊礉涓€鏍峰憿锛屼粖澶╄惂鎴樹綘杩囨潵浜嗕粬杩樿垗寰楁嬁鍑烘潵鍠濓紝鍛靛懙锛屼綘浠篃鍒枬閱変簡鍝︹€︹€︹€�
    绉﹁€佺埛瀛愪篃鏄竟寮€閰掕竟璇�:鈥滆繖涓壒渚涜寘鍙伴厭杩樻槸鍘诲勾灏忔旦鍜岀传娑靛府鎴戝甫鍥炴潵鐨勶紝涓€鏂よ鐨勪竴绠卞瓙閰掍篃灏卞叚鐡躲€�
    闄や簡杩囧勾杩囪妭锛屾垨鍑犱釜閲嶈鐨勫ソ鍙嬫潵浜嗘垜鎵嶅枬涓ゅ彛銆傞偅閲岄潰杩樺墿涓ょ摱寰呬細钀ф垬浣犳嬁鐫€鏀捐溅閲岋紝閮藉甫鍥炲幓鍚э紝閰掓垜骞虫椂涔熶笉鎬庝箞鍠濈殑鈥︹€︹€�
    寰愭窇闈欑湅鍒板張鎷跨櫧閰掑嚭鏉ヤ簡锛屽ス椹笂鎻愰啋:
    鈥滅櫧閰掗兘瑕佸皯鍠濈偣鍟婏紝杩欏ぉ姘斾篃鐑簡锛屽枬鐐瑰暏閰掕繕濂戒簺鈥︹€︹€�
    绉︽旦涓€鏃佹墦鍦嗗満:鈥滈潤濮愪綘浠斁蹇冨惂锛岃繖閰掍篃鍙簲鍗佸嚑搴︼紝姣旇緝娣筹紝涓嶄笂澶寸殑鈥︹€︹€�
    鏉庤瘲鍏颁篃鍦ㄤ竴鏃佹彃瑷€:鈥滀綘浠笉鐭ラ亾鍛紝浠栨槰澶╁湪鍛ㄥ灏卞枬閱変簡锛屼篃鏄枬鐨勭櫧閰掞紝鍑犱釜鐢蜂汉鍧愪竴璧烽厭鍏翠笂澶达紝
    鍒氬紑濮嬩袱鐡�1573琚粬浠悶鍏変簡锛屽懆鏂囧張杩涘幓鎻愪袱鐡朵簲绮恫1918鍑烘潵锛屽張骞叉帀涓€鐡跺悗鎺ョ潃杩樿寮€閰掞紝
    涓嶆槸鎴戜滑鍑犱釜濂充汉鎶㈡帀閰掔摱瀛愶紝鏄ㄥぉ涓嶉唹寰椾粬浜戝ぉ闆惧湴鎵嶆€€傚洖瀹堕噷浠栭┈涓婂氨韬哄簥涓婁簡锛岀潯鍒板崐澶滄墠閱掓潵鈥︹€︹€�
    钀ф垬鐪嬪埌杩欑壒渚涜寘鍙帮紝璇村暐浠栭兘涓嶄細閿欒繃浜嗐€傞殢鍙ｈ€屽嚭:
    鈥滄€曞暐鍟婏紝鎴戝嚭闂ㄤ笉瑕佸紑杞︾殑锛屽張涓嶆媴蹇冮厭椹撅紝浠婂ぉ涓嶅枬澶氫簡锛屾垜浠笁涓敺浜烘悶瀹岃繖涓€鐡堕厭灏辨敹宸モ€︹€︹€�
    绉﹁€佺埛瀛愯:鈥滄櫄涓婃垜浠ぇ瀹堕兘瑕佸幓璋㈠鍚冮キ锛屾垜涔熻寮€杞﹀晩鈥︹€︹€�
    鏋楅樋濮ㄤ篃鏄鑰佸叕鍜屽効瀛愬槺鍜愰亾:鈥滀綘浠咯鐖跺瓙浠婂ぉ灏遍櫔鐫€钀ф垬濂藉ソ鍠濅袱鏉紝寰呬細鎴戞潵寮€杞︹€︹€︹€�
    绉︽旦绔潃閰掓澂璧疯韩:鈥滄垬鍝ワ紝璇楀叞濮愶紝闈欏锛岃鍒拌繖杞︾殑浜嬫儏锛屾垜杩樺緱鎰熻阿浣犱滑浜嗭紝
    璋㈣阿浣犱滑缁欐垜鐖稿涔颁簡杩欑璞溅锛岃繖浠藉ぇ绀兼垜鍜岀传娑典篃浼氭案璁板績涓紝
    杩欐澂閰掓杩庝綘浠粖澶╂潵鎴戝鍋氬锛屼篃鎰熻阿浣犱滑瀹跺鎴戠埗姣嶇殑鍏冲績鐓ч【鈥︹€︹€�
    闅忓嵆浠栦竴浠板ご锛屼竴鍙ｅ氨鎶婃弧婊＄殑涓€鏉厭鍠濆厜浜�:鈥滄垬鍝ワ紝鎴戝厛骞蹭负鏁簡锛屼綘浠殢鎰忓搱鈥︹€︹€�
    钀ф垬涔熸槸绔潃閰掓澂涓€鍙ｅ枬鎺夛紝鑻︾瑧鐫€璇�:鈥滃拰浣犱滑杩欎簺鍐涗汉鍠濋厭鎴戞湁鐐规€曚簡锛岄殢渚跨璧锋澂瀛愬氨鏄竴鍙ｅ槪鈥︹€︹€�
    杩樺ソ杩欓厭鏉笉鏄緢澶х殑閭ｇ锛屾槸鍙兘瑁呬竴涓ら厭鐨勬澂瀛愩€�
    鍑犱釜濂充汉鑷劧涓嶄細鍠濈櫧閰掞紝浣嗘槸涓€鐡跺ぉ鍦颁竴鍙蜂篃琚ス浠洓涓汉鍒嗕簡銆�
    鏉ㄧ传娑典篃绔潃鏉瓙璧疯韩:鈥滄垬鍝ワ紝璇楀叞濮愰潤濮愶紝鎴戜篃鏁綘浠竴鏉€傚墠鍑犲ぉ鎴戠埜鍥炲幓鐨勬椂鍊欒繕瀵逛綘浠嚑涓汉璧炰笉缁濆彛鍛紝浠栧彲鏄竴鍚戦兘寰堝皯澶镐汉鐨勩€�
    鏈変欢浜嬫儏鎴戞兂鎷滄墭浣犱滑锛屾垜鍜岀Е娴╅兘鏄啗浜猴紝鍐涗汉鏈夊啗浜虹殑鑱岃矗鍜屼娇鍛姐€�
    闀挎湡涓嶅湪鐖舵瘝韬竟锛屽閲岀殑涓や釜鑰佷汉锛屾垜浠篃鏃犳硶灏藉効濂充箣瀛濓紝瑕佹嫓鎵樹綘浠钩鏃跺甯繖鍏崇収涓€涓嬪晩鈥︹€︹€�
    钀ф垬寰堣禐璧忓湴鐪嬬潃杩欎釜姣旇嚜宸卞皬涓嶄簡鍑犲瞾鐨勫コ浜猴紝鍋氬効濯冲鐨勫勾杞诲コ浜鸿兘鏈夎繖涓鎮燂紝鑳借鍑鸿繖鐣ぇ涔夊嚊鐒剁殑璇濊锛屽彲瑙佸叾瀹舵暀鍜岀礌璐ㄤ篃缁濆鏄嚖姣涢簾瑙掋€�
    浠栦篃绔潃鏉瓙鍠濅簡涓€鍙ｉ厭锛岄殢鍗充究姝ｅ湪缁忕粡鍦拌閬�:鈥滅传娑靛瀛愶紝浠ュ悗鎴戜滑閮芥槸涓€瀹朵汉浜嗭紝涓€瀹朵汉灏变笉瑕佽涓ゅ璇濄€�
    鎰熻阿鏉ㄩ儴闀垮鎴戜滑鐨勬璧忓拰璧炶獕锛屼篃鎰熻阿浠栧鎴戜滑鐨勪俊浠诲拰鏀寔銆傛湁浜涗簨鎯呮垜鐩镐俊绉﹀彅涔熸湁鍜屼綘浠咯澶璇翠簡鍚с€�
    浠ュ悗浣犱滑杩欎竴瀹跺瓙灏辨槸娼滈緳瀛﹂櫌鍦ㄥ啗鏂圭殑浠ｈ█浜猴紝杩囨鏃堕棿鎴戜滑浼氬幓瀹氬仛鍑犳灇鐗瑰埗鐨勭函閲戝窘绔狅紝
    姣忎釜鐞嗕簨鍙戜竴鏋氾紝浣犱滑瀹剁殑鏄【闂窘绔狅紝浣滅敤涔熸槸涓€鏍风殑锛岃繖鏄互鍚庝唬琛ㄤ綘浠韬唤鐨勪护鐗屼竴鏍凤紝浣犱滑鍗冧竾瑕佷繚绠″ソ锛岃涓栦笘浠ｄ唬浼犳壙涓嬪幓锛�
    浠ュ悗娼滈緳瀛﹂櫌姣忎竴灞婃嫑鐢熺殑鏃跺€欙紝浣犱滑灏卞彲浠ュ拰鍏朵粬閭ｅ嚑涓熀閲戜細鐨勭悊浜嬩竴鏍凤紝鍑繖鏋氬窘绔犲氨鍙互閫佷竴涓瀛愯繘鍘绘綔榫欏闄㈡姤鍚嶅叆瀛︼紝
    鍗冧竾璁颁綇锛屼笉绠℃槸涓嶆槸浣犱滑鑷繁浜茬敓鐨勫瀛愭垨瀛愬瓩鍚庝唬锛屼綘浠鎺ㄨ崘杩涙綔榫欏闄㈠煿鍏伙紝灏卞繀椤昏璁╁瀛愬湪鍐涙柟鍙戝睍锛岃嚦浜庤濡備綍缁欏瀛愪滑鍘婚摵璺紝浣犱滑鑷繁鍘荤湅鐫€鍐冲畾銆�
    鍙嶆浣犱滑杩欐灇椤鹃棶寰界珷鎺ㄨ崘鐨勫鐢熷氨鏄繀椤绘垚涓哄啗鏂逛唬琛紝浣嗘槸鎴戝缓璁紝浠ュ悗杩欐灇寰界珷鍙紶缁欎綘浠嚜宸辩殑瀚＄郴瀛愬瓩銆傗€�
    绉︽旦杩欐椂鍊欎篃鏄縺鍔ㄥ湴绔欒捣鏉ュ啀娆′妇鏉粰钀ф垬鍜屾潕璇楀叞锛屽緪娣戦潤涓変汉鏁厭:
    鈥滄垬鍝ワ紝浣犳斁蹇冿紝娼滈緳鍩洪噾浼氱殑浜嬫儏鎴戠埗浜插拰宀崇埗閮芥湁鐗瑰埆浜や唬鎴戝拰绱兜浜嗭紝
    鎴戜滑閮界煡閬撹繖浜嬬殑閲嶈鎬э紝浠ュ悗瀵瑰瓙濂充篃浼氫弗鍔犳暀鑲诧紝鍐涙柟浜や竴鑴変綘浜ょ粰鎴戜滑瀹朵汉锛�
    鎰熻阿浣犲鎴戜滑瀹剁殑淇′换锛屼互鍚庢垜浠篃浼氬敖蹇冨敖鍔涜€屼负锛屼笉璁╁ぇ瀹跺け鏈涖€�
    鍥犳垜浠暱鏈熶笉鍦ㄥ閲岋紝涓嶅湪鐖舵瘝韬竟锛屽涓埗姣嶅氨鐪熺殑瑕佹嫓鎵樹綘浠澶氱収搴斾簡鈥︹€︹€�
    钀ф垬鐐瑰ご鎺ュ簲閬�:鈥滆嚜鍙ゅ繝瀛濋毦涓ゅ叏锛屼綘浠咯澶閮芥槸鍐涗汉锛岄兘鍦ㄤ负鍥戒负姘戜綔璐＄尞銆�
    鎴戜篃鐞嗚В浣犱滑鐨勫績鎯咃紝瀹堕噷涓や釜鑰佷汉瀹朵綘浠斁蹇冿紝鏈夋灄淇婃澃鍜屽姹愮収椤惧拰闄即锛屾湁鎴戜滑杩欎竴澶у瀛愪汉鐓у簲銆�
    寰呬互鍚庢綔榫欏北搴勫缓濂戒簡锛屾垜涔熶細缁欎綘浠繖鍑犱釜鐞嗕簨鍜岄【闂暀鍑犻棿鎴垮瓙锛屽湪閭ｈ竟鍘诲吇鑰侊紝涔熷彲浠ュ幓閭ｈ竟闄即瀛╁瓙鎴愰暱銆�
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